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For the first time, U.S. Air Force fifth-generation F-35A fighter jets and German Eurofighter jets demonstrated their ability to land on European highways, marking a significant milestone in defense history. During the Baana 24 exercise, which took place in Finnish Lapland from August 31 to September 6, 2024, NATO allies practiced using highways as runways, showcasing their agility and readiness in unconventional operations.

A Collaborative Effort

The Baana 24 exercise brought together personnel and assets from Finland, Germany, and the United States, reinforcing NATO’s focus on expeditionary capability and dispersed operations. Finnish highways, including the Norvatie and Hosio strips, were transformed into makeshift landing zones for military aircraft. Finland’s Air Force contributed F/A-18 Hornet fighter jets, Hawk jet trainers, and transport aircraft, while Germany deployed Eurofighters, and the U.S. sent F-35A fighters.

Historic First in Arctic Conditions

For both the U.S. and Germany, this exercise marked the first time their fighter jets had practiced highway landings in Europe, let alone in the Arctic. These operations occurred roughly 200 kilometers from the Russian border, enhancing the participating nations’ combat readiness and ability to operate in rugged environments. The exercise is a testament to the growing cooperation between NATO allies and their ability to employ airpower in unconventional locations.

Strengthening Allied Ties

General James Hecker, commander of U.S. Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa and NATO’s Allied Air Command, highlighted the significance of this exercise. “The successful landing of our F-35 on a highway in Europe demonstrates the close interoperability we have with our Finnish allies,” Hecker said. “This opportunity strengthens our ability to rapidly deploy and employ air power from unconventional locations, reflecting the readiness and agility of our forces.”

Refining Tactics in a New NATO Era

Since Finland’s official membership in NATO in April 2023, allied air forces have been refining their ability to land on roads, improving coordination with Finnish counterparts in case of a crisis. The Baana 24 exercise builds on earlier milestones, such as Norway’s F-35A landing on a Finnish highway in 2023. The exercise further solidifies NATO’s presence in the Arctic and its preparedness to operate in a wide range of challenging environments.